It is no exaggeration to say that the Palestinian economy has been crippled by Israel for nearly two decades. Bombings, separation walls, tunnels, land seizures, blockades, power outages, and open-air prisons – it's hard to imagine that these terms, which have nothing to do with most people's lives, all appear in 21st century Palestine.
What is the life of the Palestinians like? What has Israel done to them? Let's get straight to the point and take a look at the Palestinian economy.
Palestine's Unique Status
In fact, Palestine's status in the international community is still very special. In 2012, the United Nations passed a resolution that upgraded Palestine to a non-member observer state. What does this mean?
It means that you can participate in the international affairs of the United Nations. You can speak but not vote. Currently, only the Holy See has this status in the world besides Palestine.
As of 2019, 138 of the 193 member states of the United Nations, including China, India and Russia, recognize Palestine as a state. However, countries including the United States, Germany, France, Japan, and South Korea have not yet recognized it.
It is precisely because there is still disagreement on Palestine's definition in the international community that institutions like the World Bank and the IMF call it WBG, which is the abbreviation for the West Bank and Gaza, instead of directly calling it Palestine.
So next time you see WBG somewhere, you'll know it refers to Palestine, not my cousin or something.
West Bank vs. Gaza: Two Different Economic Realities
So you can tell by the name that Palestine is divided into two parts: the West Bank and Gaza, right? Let me tell you, the economic forms of these two regions are completely different, including the way the Israeli army controls them.
Let's just take the simplest figure. According to World Bank estimates, in 2022, the per capita GDP of the West Bank was $4,458, while the per capita GDP of Gaza was $1,257. In other words, the per capita GDP of the West Bank is 3.5 times that of Gaza.
Israel, which is separated from Palestine by a wall, has a per capita GDP of $54,660, which is 12 times that of the West Bank and 43 times that of Gaza.
You may wonder why the per capita GDP of Israel and Palestine, which are adjacent to each other, can differ by dozens of times, and why the West Bank and Gaza, both part of Palestine, can differ by three or four times.
To talk about the Palestinian economy, it is indeed greatly affected by the war. Let's briefly summarize the political and war background of Palestine's history. Those who are familiar with this can skip this part.
From the 16th century until the end of World War I, Palestine was part of the Ottoman Empire. After World War I, it became a British mandate. After World War II, in 1947, the United Nations proposed Resolution 181, which recommended the establishment of a Jewish state and an Arab state here, namely Israel and Palestine.
On May 15, 1948, the British ended their mandate for Palestine, and the Jews immediately announced the establishment of Israel. This aroused strong dissatisfaction among Arab countries, which united to attack Israel and launched the first Middle East war.
By the end of the war in 1949, the two sides signed an armistice agreement, delineating the armistice line between Israel and Arab countries. As a result, Israel controlled more land than Resolution 181.
The remaining two areas, the larger West Bank, were administered by Jordan, while the Gaza Strip was administered by Egypt.
During this period, Palestine completely disappeared from the map, so it is also called the lost generation.
In fact, at the very beginning, Jordan very much hoped to integrate the Palestinians in the West Bank into Jordanian society, so it even granted them citizenship. However, because of the strong national identity of the Palestinians, they were still difficult to assimilate during the nearly 20 years of being ruled.
It was against this background that the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) was established in 1964. Its nature is rather special. It is not a government, but a mixed political and military organization.
Later, we talk about various Palestinian organizations, such as Fatah, Hamas, and the Palestinian government. But until now, the PLO is still the officially recognized representative of the Palestinian people internationally.
Yasser Arafat, whom we often hear about in the news, was the chairman of the PLO.
Wars and Upheavals
In 1967, Israel and surrounding Arab countries launched the third Middle East war. Within six days starting on June 5, the Egyptian, Jordanian, and Syrian coalition forces were quickly defeated by Israel.
Israel not only captured the West Bank and the Gaza Strip, but also occupied Egypt's Sinai Peninsula and Syria's Golan Heights.
After that, Israel returned the Sinai Peninsula to Egypt, and the Golan Heights has been a disputed area, which we will not mention here.
Let's just focus on the two parts of Palestine, the West Bank and the Gaza Strip. Israel did not want to assimilate the Palestinians immediately, which is not realistic either. But it imposed very strict military control over land, sea and air, and of course economic control.
Under such strict control, the conflict between the two sides began to heat up. Since 1987, the Palestinian people have been confronting the Israeli government through demonstrations, stone throwing, strikes, homemade Molotov cocktails, and other means.
This series of resistance events, which lasted for several years, was called the first Palestinian Intifada. A total of about 2,000 Palestinians and 160 Israelis were killed.
The year after the Intifada began, in 1988, the PLO declared the establishment of the State of Palestine.
Also in 1988, a Palestinian charity called the Islamic Center changed its name to Hamas, short for the Islamic Resistance Movement.
Hamas's idea was more radical, which was to wipe out Israel and establish a unified Palestinian state. However, its power was relatively small at that time, so we'll leave it at that for now.
On August 20, 1993, under the mediation of the United States, PLO Chairman Arafat and Israeli Prime Minister Rabin reached some consensus after meeting in Oslo, Norway.
Later, at the White House in the United States, they signed the historic peace treaty, the Oslo Accords.
The two sides recognized each other's political status and also signed a series of treaties to ease the antagonistic relationship.
But the good times didn't last long. Two years later, Israeli Prime Minister Rabin was assassinated, and coupled with a series of terrorist attacks, the Oslo Accords were postponed indefinitely.
This in turn exacerbated the hostility between the two sides. In 2000, the second Palestinian Intifada broke out.
This time it was more intense than the first time, resulting in the deaths of about 5,000 Palestinians and 1,000 Israelis.
Increasingly frequent suicide attacks led Israel to impose stricter military control on Palestine and to build protective nets, even high walls, along the Gaza border and around the West Bank. It also blew up Gaza's airport and a port under construction.
Arafat died in 2004, and two major factions emerged within the Palestinian political arena.
One is Fatah, the largest faction in the PLO. The other is the Islamic Resistance Movement, or Hamas, which we mentioned earlier.
As the antagonism between Palestine and Israel's ethnic groups intensified, Hamas's influence began to expand rapidly. In 2006, Hamas won a majority of seats in the parliamentary elections and became the majority party in the Palestinian parliament.
Fatah and Hamas had a small-scale civil war, which eventually led to the division of Palestine into two regions: the West Bank controlled by Fatah and the Gaza Strip controlled by Hamas.
Although the two sides have made many attempts to negotiate since then, this general pattern of division has basically continued to this day.
The West Bank Economy: Under Israeli Control
Okay, next, let's talk about the Palestinian economy and the living conditions of the Palestinian people.
We also mentioned at the beginning that the West Bank area controlled by Fatah and the Gaza area controlled by Hamas, although both in Palestine, are completely different, and both are actually quite interesting.
So I think it is necessary to talk about them separately.
First, let's take a look at the West Bank.
The West Bank has an economic model that is completely different from anywhere else in the world. I have been secretly avoiding mentioning this when I was talking about it just now, that is, the settlements.
You can even think of it as the core of the West Bank economy.
What does a settlement mean? To put it simply, it is a Jewish community established by Israel in the Palestinian territories.
In fact, after the Six-Day War in 1967, after Israel occupied the West Bank and the Gaza Strip, they began to build buildings and communities in these areas where there were no Arabs, and then let Jews come in and live.
So this is actually a way for Israel to occupy Palestine.
You see, the number of Jews living in settlements was very small in the past ten years, reaching about 100,000 in 1984. But since the late 1980s, the scale has expanded rapidly, and Israel has begun to build roads and supporting facilities among them. The settlement network began to gradually cover the entire West Bank.
Today, there are more than 250 Jewish settlements, with more than 700,000 Jews living in them. This is not a small number.
You know, there are only 2.75 million Palestinians in the West Bank. There are more than 700,000 Jews inserted in the middle.
Note that whether it is the International Court of Justice, the United Nations, or the international community, they all believe that these Israeli settlements are illegal. However, they have nothing to do with Israel.
Not only in the West Bank, but also historically, Israel has tried to build settlements in every area it occupies. It's just that the West Bank is the largest one now.
In fact, at the very beginning, when the Palestinians saw Israel doing this, they were definitely very angry. Therefore, there were constant conflicts between Arab and Jewish residents.
In the 1990s, the two sides signed Oslo II and finally found a relatively compromised solution.
They agreed to divide the West Bank into three areas: A, B, and C.
Area A is the area where Arabs mainly live, and it is governed autonomously by the Palestinian government. Israel must not interfere. This part accounts for only 18% of the West Bank.
Area B is also managed by the Palestinian government, but the Israeli military can jointly manage it. This part accounts for about 22% of the area.
Area C, the remaining 60% of the land, is completely controlled by Israel.
The Jewish settlements we just mentioned were all built in Area C.
Restricted Movement and Economic Control
In this way, although Palestine has gained autonomy in Area A, it is equivalent to being divided into 165 enclaves, isolated like islands, and the roads connecting them are all managed by the Israeli army.
So sometimes when you look at the map and see the delineated Palestinian areas, you might think that the entire West Bank is actually managed by the Palestinian government.
But in fact, the area where it really has a certain degree of autonomy is actually like this.
In many places in the West Bank, you will actually see two parallel roads separated by a high wall. One is for Jews and foreigners to pass through, and the license plate is generally yellow. If you take this road, you can generally travel unimpeded in the West Bank.
The other side is for Palestinians, whose cars are generally white. Israel will set up a large number of checkpoints here, and you will often be subjected to various inquiries, checking your ID.
You must have sufficient reasons to obtain a permit, such as work or medical permits, etc.
Therefore, both Palestinians and Jews must use special APPs designed for their own people to navigate because the connectivity on both sides is very different.
For example, some Palestinians have to go to the Jewish area to work during the day. They have to pass through this kind of checkpoint surrounded by high iron fences and go through strict inspections one by one.
Therefore, many Palestinians may have to get up at three or four o'clock every morning and queue up at this checkpoint for two or three hours, day after day.
To put it simply, even within the West Bank, the movement of Palestinians is strictly controlled by Israel. The entire West Bank is divided into two worlds: Jewish and Palestinian.
And do you know what Israeli settlements look like?
Let me tell you, the first time I saw it, I was really surprised.
It's not the kind of temporary house you imagine, built on a cramped piece of land. Rather, the Israeli government has invested heavily, including donations from some Jews internationally, to build more than 200 illegal high-end communities here.
Most of them are very modern small houses, and they are also equipped with entertainment, supermarkets, universities, including 16 industrial zones, about 1,000 industrial plants, etc. The entire business environment is very complete.
Just looking at this area, you will feel that life is very nourishing, and its housing prices, including the cost of living, are much lower than those in Israel. The population density is also low.
This also explains why so many as 700,000 Jews have flocked to these settlements over the years to live across the wall from the Palestinians.
Some of these people do think that this place belongs to our ancestors and I should take it back because of historical, religious, political and other reasons.
But according to an Israeli survey, the primary reason most Jews move to the settlements now is simply to improve their quality of life.
Just look at this picture, what a peaceful and peaceful community. It's really hard to imagine that this is the heart of the world's conflict right now.
However, the Palestinian urban areas just a stone's throw from Israel, that is, Areas A and B, are completely different.
This is actually not difficult to understand. You think, a piece of land is cut into hundreds of enclaves, and there are large and small checkpoints and restrictions on movement. How can the economy be good?
First of all, the most direct consequence of these controls is that Palestine's very critical economic resources are all in the hands of Israel.
You think Area C accounts for 60% of the area, which covers most of the fertile land. For example, the Jordan Valley on the west side of the West Bank, which is a very important agricultural area, is all controlled by Israel, which has led to the agricultural industry in Palestine being very blocked.
In addition, Israel also controls most of the water resources, so that the Palestinians who make up 80% of the population of the West Bank are only allocated 17% of the freshwater resources. The average water resources of Jews in Israeli settlements are 20 times that of Palestinians.
The Permit System and its Impact
In the long run, what has a greater and more far-reaching impact on the Palestinian economy is actually its permit system.
To put it bluntly, you need to apply to Israel for a permit to do anything.
In addition to the need for permits for Palestinians to travel between cities and villages that we just mentioned, you need permits to expand houses, permits for planting trees, permits for importing books, and even birth registration, telephone registration, driver's license registration, etc., all require Israeli permits.
Palestinian residents are already accustomed to this ubiquitous system that requires Israeli permission, and applying for this permit is not some kind of automated procedure, like I just need to scan my face.
Behind this is a very huge and redundant agent system and bureaucratic system, which seriously hinders economic efficiency.
When we talked about India before, they didn't have all kinds of permits, but compared with Palestine, it was really a drop in the bucket.
In short, whether it is the movement of people, natural resources, or civil activities in the West Bank, they are all subject to very strict restrictions by Israel. As long as you are a little suspicious or special, you may not be able to get any permits, and you can only stay in your own village honestly.
This actually makes it difficult for the West Bank to develop industries that require a lot of personnel collaboration or resource collaboration. Its main industry can only be agriculture. Although it officially only employs 13.4% of the population, it is actually estimated that 90% of Palestinians in the West Bank are engaged in agriculture-related work.
Let's put aside the issue of human rights for now, but the core of the economy is exchange, right? Exchange of resources, exchange of labor.
Well, in the West Bank, Israel has completely blocked all your exchanges, which has led to its very slow economic development, and its per capita GDP is only one-tenth of Israel's.
Didn't we just say that Palestine is basically autonomous in Area A? How does it govern itself? To what extent can it govern itself?
In fact, the Oslo Agreement gives the Palestinian government a lot of freedom.
First of all, the government was established only after the agreement was signed. Although the territory it can manage is limited, only Area A and Area B, it can still have most of the rights that a government can have in these two areas.
For example, it can hold internal elections, it can have its own president, which is now Abbas, and it can also have its own laws.
For example, it stipulates that Palestinians who sell houses to Israeli Jews can be sentenced to death, and they can also issue passports to Palestinians, etc.
So what can't it do?
Economically, the most important thing is that he cannot print money. You have to use Israeli currency, the new shekel.
Secondly, the Palestinian government cannot collect many taxes. As long as it is related to Israel, such as the tariffs on trade between it and Israel, and the value-added tax on the products it sells in Israel, these are all collected by the Israeli government on its behalf.
Then, after deducting a 3% fee every month, it will be returned to the Palestinian government. This part of the transferred fees accounts for more than two-thirds of the total revenue of the Palestinian government.
In other words, more than two-thirds of the Palestinian government's revenue is collected by the Israeli government. This is very troublesome.
Although in theory, you say that I collect it myself and others collect it, but how much tax you actually collect and when to transfer it, the Israeli government can find various reasons to default. In fact, it has indeed done this kind of thing a lot.
That is to say, the lifeline of the Palestinian government is in the hands of Israel.
What is even more troublesome is that the Palestinian government has to spend a lot of manpower and material resources on security work, which is really a thankless task. There are at least more than 50,000 security personnel in the West Bank, and many of them spend their energy on suppressing the Palestinians' own activities against Israel, and even need to cooperate with Israel to arrest some anti-Semitic or anti-Israeli people.
This has also made many Palestinians very dissatisfied with the Fatah government. They feel that these security personnel are an extension of Israeli control.
Reliance on International Aid
In short, you see, the Palestinian Fatah government was originally in a bad economy, unable to collect taxes, and most of its lifelines were still controlled by Israel, coupled with huge security expenditures, making it very stretched.
Therefore, in this environment, both the Palestinian government and the Palestinian people are actually very dependent on international aid.
There are slight discrepancies in the aid data I checked, but generally speaking, the West Bank receives US$1 billion to US$3 billion annually, mainly from the United States and the European Union.
But here comes the icing on the cake: in previous years, many countries discovered that corruption within the Palestinian government was particularly serious, and most of the international aid could not reach the Palestinian people at all, and all went into the pockets of the Palestinian government and even the Israeli government officials.
Therefore, in the past two years, international aid to Palestine has begun to decline sharply, which has caused the Palestinian government to have a deficit of tens of billions of dollars every year, and often cannot pay the salaries of government employees.
Okay, we've basically talked about the general economic situation in the West Bank. Basically, Israel, with settlements as its core, can be said to have completely restricted the Palestinian economy. There is nothing wrong with this.
But in fact, most Palestinians living in the West Bank don't live in such dire straits as we usually see in the news. At least I had some stereotypes before.
Because in fact, when I was researching the economy of a country, in addition to various data and materials, I also liked to watch the vlogs of local people. Although it does have great individual one-sidedness, I think it is at least a way for you to truly feel the lives of local people.
From the video materials of Palestinians in the West Bank that I saw, you can indeed see that it is not very developed, and there are also various restrictions that we just mentioned.
But for most Palestinians living in Area A, I feel it's still pretty normal. You could even say it's Love and Peace, and it feels no different from some ordinary small and medium-sized cities.
Of course, if anyone has actually lived or visited there, you can also talk about what it is like in the comment area.
In fact, some research data I found also confirmed this to some extent.
The unemployment rate in the West Bank is about 17%. Although it is definitely not low, it should still be within a reasonable economic range.
As far as I can see, its agriculture, industry, and tourism still have some bright spots.
It's actually quite amazing, including that the West Bank actually has its own Palestinian banks. The interest rate on loans to Palestinians is higher than that to Israelis. It even has its own stock exchange, with 48 stocks, with a total market value of more than 3 billion US dollars.
In fact, the per capita GDP of Palestine has experienced a period of rapid growth in the five or six years after 2007.
Although it is still very backward compared to Israel, although it is subject to various controls and blockades, the economy is still developing to some extent.
However, however, we are about to talk about the Gaza Strip, which is completely different.
The Gaza Strip: An Open-Air Prison
The Gaza Strip is a narrow strip of land about 40 kilometers long and 12 kilometers wide southwest of Israel, bordering Egypt to the south. It covers only 365 square kilometers of land, which is about 1/15 of the West Bank, but is home to more than 2.3 million people, making it one of the most densely populated areas in the world.
More than 60% of these 2 million people are Arabs who fled to the Gaza Strip from Israel in the past half century due to various wars.
In fact, in the early days, Israel's management of the Gaza Strip was somewhat similar to that of Jordan now, including settlements, permits, stationed troops, and so on.
However, with the increasingly powerful radical Hamas in the Gaza Strip and the increasingly frequent violent conflicts, the Israeli government demolished all 21 settlements in the Gaza Strip in 2005 and withdrew all 8,500 Jews living there.
In 2006, Hamas won the Palestinian elections and seized control of Gaza in the 2007 civil war.
Because Hamas was too radical and wanted to wipe out Israel, after it came to power, the United States and the European Union, the biggest aid providers to Palestine, completely cut off economic aid to the Hamas government. Israel also began to impose an unprecedented land, sea and air blockade on the Gaza Strip.
They built high fences and strengthened military patrols. Don't look at the fence built on the side of the West Bank. It still has some loopholes and is not so tight.
But the fence in Gaza can be said to be a tight and comprehensive blockade, leaving only a border crossing connecting with Israel in the north and another border crossing connecting with Egypt in the south.
It can be said that it is harder for Palestinians to enter and exit the Gaza Strip than to ascend to heaven. Only a few people who have obtained medical permits or special permits can come out.
In fact, before 2005, more than 100,000 Palestinians in the Gaza Strip went to work in Israel, and the economic exchanges between the two sides were not bad. After the full blockade, the unemployment rate in the Gaza Strip soared to more than 50%.
Israel strictly controls all material exchanges between Gaza and the outside world, including energy, food, water, medical equipment, etc.
Most of the electricity in Gaza was originally controlled by Israel, and its few own power plants still rely on fossil energy provided by Israel to generate electricity.
Such a severe shortage of electricity has resulted in daily power outages in the Gaza Strip for more than 11 hours. There is such a shortage of gasoline inside that many people even use cooking oil as gasoline.
Even food is strictly controlled by Israel. According to a document leaked by the Israeli Ministry of Defense, between 2007 and 2010, they would calculate how many people in Gaza needed how many calories, and then strictly limit the provision of only the most basic food to these people in Gaza.
A former Israeli government official said that we wanted Palestinians to control their diet, not starve them to death.
Originally, fishing was a small pillar industry in the Gaza Strip, but after the blockade, Israel only allowed people in Gaza to fish within a range of three to six nautical miles. You know, the Oslo Agreement used to talk about 20 nautical miles.
Israel even airdrops harmful herbicides over agricultural areas in the Gaza Strip through drones to restrict crop growth.
So you see, due to these long-term blockades, resources in the Gaza Strip are severely scarce.
In 2000, only about 70,000 people received material assistance from the United Nations. By 2022, this number had risen to 1.1 million, which means that half of the people are living on material assistance from the United Nations.
The Gaza Strip has been completely unable to establish a complete sewage treatment system, and 78% of the water resources are polluted. A quarter of the diseases among residents are caused by microorganisms and viruses in the water.
So you see, unlike the West Bank, Gaza is completely free to circulate internally, and Hamas can fully govern itself. However, the most basic materials such as food, water, electricity, energy, and medical care are seriously insufficient, so there is no way to form any decent industry.
You see its 50% unemployment rate, as if half, at least half of the people have jobs, right? But the actual situation is far worse than this figure.
What is the definition of unemployment? It is the proportion of people of working age who want to find a job but cannot find one.
The high unemployment rate in the Gaza Strip means that many people don't want to find a job at all, so these people are not counted in the base number.
For example, women basically do not look for jobs at all. In the entire Gaza Strip, out of a population of 2.3 million, only about 200,000 are working, which is less than one-tenth of the population.
Of these, 40% are actually government employees. The remaining pitiful 100,000 or so people are basically concentrated in some very basic agriculture, fishery and very few manufacturing industries.
What's more troublesome is that the more scarce resources are, the more likely it is to breed corruption.
Similar to the Palestinian government in the West Bank, the Hamas government is also very corrupt and controls many resources itself.
Therefore, the Palestinians in the Gaza Strip are really just very difficult.
You see, after understanding these basic conditions, I feel that it doesn't make much sense for us to cite any economic data from the Gaza Strip.
A Population Without a Future
Let's take another look at the population structure of Gaza. The first time I saw it, I was really shocked.
When we talked about the Israeli economy last time, we saw that it was basically an isosceles triangle with a very large number of newborns. And the Gaza Strip looks like this.
The word "huge" can't even be used to describe it. It's basically all young people. Half of them are under the age of 19.
Then why are there so many children? I think on the one hand, in this kind of economic environment, the marginal cost of having more children is not high. In fact, there is not much difference between having three and five.
And in Gaza, you see, 95% of women don't work, mainly staying at home to take care of their children.
Of course, this economic reason is only one aspect. Another very important reason why they have so many children is that Palestinians see having children as a form of resistance to Israel.
So we can see that there can be said to be no economy in the Gaza Strip, and at the same time, there are still a large number of newborns. Then they are very dependent on external supplies.
Some of them are official and some are unofficial.
The official ones mainly come from the United Nations, with more than US$1 billion in material supplies to the Gaza Strip every year. We actually mentioned this just now, that is, half of the people rely on these materials to survive. We will not go into details.
The key is this unofficial channel. You think, the entire border of the Gaza Strip is heavily guarded by Israel. Then the Palestinians came up with a way, which is to dig tunnels.
Since the blockade of Gaza, Palestinians have been continuously digging all kinds of new tunnels, connecting Israel and Egypt to the south.
These tunnels are built very solidly, about 20 to 30 meters deep and up to 800 meters long.
Around 2010, the tunnels between Gaza and Egypt were very popular for a while, with more than 1,000 large and small tunnels. Anything can be smuggled through here, including fuel, cement, seeds, animals, food, medicine, clothing, and more. Of course, it also includes weapons and personnel.
These things all enter the Gaza Strip through these tunnels.
At that time, the economy of the Gaza Strip was actually developing quite well, even surpassing that of the West Bank.
But in 2013, a coup took place in Egypt. They sent troops to flood more than 1,600 such tunnels, basically blocking most of the routes between Gaza and Egypt. The situation deteriorated rapidly.
But even so, to this day, these tunnels are still Hamas's basic way of bypassing Israeli restrictions to connect with the outside world. A large number of military materials smuggled by Hamas, mainly rockets, actually come through tunnels.
Okay, we've just said that Gaza is already so blocked, and this is all economic.
The military conflict between the two sides is the most devastating to the Gaza Strip.
Since 2007, excluding this time, the casualties caused by the conflict between the two sides have exceeded 6,400 Palestinians and more than 300 Israelis.
However, the conflict in October this year has exceeded the total casualties of the past 16 years, and Gaza is extremely short of steel bars and cement to rebuild those bombed buildings. Many places have been bombed into ruins and can only be left there.
This is Gaza, known as the largest open-air prison in the world. Half of the people living here are children. From the first day they were born, they have lived in this isolated hell on earth.
From the first day they were born, they may have taken it for granted that there should be a power outage for half a day every day, that they should not be able to find a job after graduating from school, that they should get sick every month, that missiles should be flying all over the sky...
These are not even the worst in my opinion.
The worst part is that the economy is still in rapid decline. Tomorrow will only be worse than today.
The worst part is that they see no hope.
Okay, we used two videos to talk about the economies of Israel and Palestine respectively. Although the two sides are only separated by a wall, the living conditions and living conditions of the residents can be said to be worlds apart.
It is certainly sensitive to involve such controversial topics, so you will hear all kinds of different voices.
But what I want to say to everyone is that my original intention in making these two videos is actually to help you understand the economies of Palestine and Israel as much as possible.
So the angle I chose is also some factors that I personally think have a relatively large impact on the economies of the two countries, rather than talking from the perspective of military warfare or politics.
Of course, if you have any thoughts or supplements, please feel free to express them in the comment area.
Okay, that's all for now.